Motion Graphs - Slope of distance–time graph → Speed - Slope of velocity–time graph → Acceleration - Velocity at 3rd second → 6.67 m/s - Velocity during first 2 seconds → 5 m/s - Motion graph type → Zig-zag line graph --- Acceleration - Definition → Rate at which velocity changes with respect to time - SI Unit → m/s² - Cause → Force --- Uniform Circular Motion - Definition → Movement of an object at constant speed along a circular path with fixed radius - Examples → Satellite orbiting Earth, ball on a string, car on a circular track --- Work & Power - Work Definition → Energy transfer when an object is displaced by a force - Unit of Work → Joules (J) - Formula for Work → W = Fd - Power Definition → Rate at which work is done over time - SI Unit of Power → Watt (W) --- Energy - Potential Energy → Stored energy due to position - Kinetic Energy → Energy of motion - Mechanical Energy → Sum of kinetic + potential (CONSTANT in ideal systems) - Thermal Energy → Kinetic energy from motion of particles - Electric Energy → Form of potential energy stored in electric fields - Hydroelectric Transformation → Gravitational potential → kinetic → mechanical → electrical - Non-conservative forces (friction) → Convert mechanical energy into heat - At maximum height → Energy is entirely potential - Object falling from height → Gains kinetic energy --- Safety & Motion - Best safety action at intersection → Reduce speed immediately - Objects seldom travel at constant speed → TRUE - Motion description → Acceleration, changing velocity, displacement --- Optics - Refraction → Bending of light when it passes from one transparent medium to another - Reflection → Process where light rays bounce off a surface, allowing us to see images - Plane Mirror → Forms a virtual, upright image same size as object - Convex Mirror → Produces wider field of view, used in rear-view/security mirrors Medium 5 Questions